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Thu, May. 8th, 2008, 03:24 pm
Nifty Ethanol Article

The MicroFueler - A Washing Machine That Makes DIY Ethanol

By Chuck Squatriglia EmailMay 08, 2008 | 12:35:16 PMCategories: Alt Fuel  

Sugarcane

People were making ethanol at home long before there were cars. They called it moonshine. With gas prices going through the roof and everyone worried about global warming, a California company is betting people will jump at the chance to use the same technology to turn sugar into fuel for less than a buck a gallon.

E-Fuel Corporation has unveiled its EFuel 100 MicroFueler, a device about the size of a stacking washer-dryer that uses sugar, yeast and water to make 100 percent ethanol at the push of a button.

"You just open it like a washing machine and dump in your sugar, close the door and push one button," company founder Tom Quinn told us. "A few days later, you've got ethanol."



Microfueler_photo_11 According to Quinn, it is. The MicroFueler weighs about 200 pounds and hooks up to a water and 110 or 220 volt power supply and wastewater drain just like a washing machine. It uses raw sugar (not the refined white stuff) and a proprietary time-release yeast mixture as feedstock. You can also use left-over booze if you've got any lying around. Toss it all into the fermenting tank, turn on the machine and in seven days you've got 35 gallons of ethanol. The MicroFueler has its own pump and hose - just like the pump at your corner gas station - so you can easily fill up your car.

"It's so simple, anyone can make their own fuel," Quinn says. Depending upon the cost of electricity and water, he says, the MicroFueler can produce ethanol for less than $1 a gallon. Quinn likens the MicroFueler to the personal computer and says it will cause the same sort of "paradigm shift."

"Just as the PC brought desktop computing to the home, E-Fuel will bring the filling station to the home," he says.

Maybe. Maybe not. Making ethanol at home is not as easy as Quinn might have you believe, says Daniel Kammen, director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory at UC-Berkeley. Making a lot of ethanol has generally required a lot of equipment, he told the New York Times, and quality control can be uneven.

“There’s a lot of hurdles you have to overcome. It’s entirely possible that they’ve done it, but skepticism is a virtue,” Kammen says.

Quinn is not some moonshiner trying to make a quick buck on the alt-fuel craze. He's a longtime entrepreneur who patented the motion-control technology Nintendo uses in the Wii. His partner in the E-Fuel venture is Floyd Butterfield, who has been distilling ethanol for more than 25 years and in 1982 won a California Department of Food and Agriculture  contest for best design of an ethanol still.

They say they've overcome many of the hurdles to making ethanol at home cheaply, easily and efficiently. Quinn says the biggest breakthrough is the MicroFueler's membrane distiller, which uses an extremely fine filter to separate water from alcohol at lower temperatures and in fewer steps than conventional methods. Using sugar as a feedstock makes the process virtually odorless, he says, and leaves the wastewater so clean you can drink it. It also avoids the food-for-fuel debate that plagues corn-based ethanol because we're in the midst of a worldwide sugar glut.

A permit from the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms will allow you to make ethanol legally, but running 100 percent ethanol in your car is against the law. No problem, Quinn says. Mix it with gasoline to create E-85. Just put a few gallons of gas in your car, then drive home and top it off with ethanol. Quinn says running sugar-based ethanol will produce about 85 percent fewer carbon emissions than using gasoline. You're all set if you've got a flex-fuel vehicle.

It's an open question whether switching to home-brewed ethanol will save you much money. The MicroFueler costs $9,995, although federal tax credits can cut the price to $6,998. Another $16 buys you enough yeast to make about 560 gallons of ethanol, and you'll have to pay for the sugar and water. You'll need as many as 4 gallons of water to make 1 gallon of ethanol.

The sugar is where the math could break down - it currently sells for about 20 cents a pound in the United States, and you need 10 to 14 pounds of it to make a gallon of ethanol. Factor in the cost of electricty and water and you may not be coming out ahead. But Quinn says changes in the North American Free Trade Agreement allows the importation of inedible or "ethanol-grade" sugar from Mexico for as little as 2.5 cents a pound and E-Fuel is creating a distribution network to sell it to consumers.

That same distribution network will  deliver and install MicroFuelers when E-Fuel begins delivering them at the end of the year, he says.

Photos by Flickr user Streetwalker and E-Fuel Corp.

Thu, May. 8th, 2008 07:33 pm (UTC)
[info]lucky_otter

Less than $1 per gallon *ignoring the cost of fuel*.

Ethanol contains half the energy per gallon as gasoline. That means that you're getting, currently. $1.75 worth of fuel out of it, for which you pay $1 for electricity + fuel.

I suspect this system has an EROEI near 1, if not below. Which, hey, is about what the industrial EROEI is for ethanol - thus why ethanol isn't anything like the savior our policies make it out to be.

Fri, May. 9th, 2008 05:48 am (UTC)
[info]kgb666000

The half the energy thing is not entirely relevant to fuel economy. Due to the burning speed of ethanol (Slower) and higher octane ratings, under high pressure it can actually often Improve fuel economy of vehicles.

Older cars this is not true in, but in newer cars they have found that fuel economy/range improves running E20-E30. ( http://www.ethanol.org/pdf/contentmgmt/Press_Release_12507-1.pdf + http://www.ethanol.org/news/index.php?newsid=25 )

Modern racing cars from Honda run on 100% fuel grade ethanol cause they can actually pull MORE energy from it. (http://www.indycar.com/tech/ethanol.php)

Short quote from the wikipedia technology section on ethanol: "Ethanol (E100) consumption in an engine is approximately 34% higher than that of gasoline (the energy per volume unit is 34% lower).[14][15] However, higher compression ratios in an ethanol-only engine allow for increased power output and better fuel economy than would be obtained with the lower compression ratio.[16][17] In general, ethanol-only engines are tuned to give slightly better power and torque output to gasoline-powered engines."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel

Fri, May. 9th, 2008 07:13 am (UTC)
[info]lucky_otter

It's entirely relevant - it just isn't the whole story.

A study commissioned by the American Coalition for Ethanol seems like a bad place to get information about ethanol. Interesting results, though. I'd like to see some analysis as to the reasons, which unfortunately isn't given in that study.

Racing cars use ethanol based fuels because of their high octane values, not because they are efficient.

The rest of that Wikipedia paragraph discusses how special engines are needed for that.

Anyway, the questions are twofold:
1) What's the energy balance for various ethanol production methods?
2) What's the carbon balance for same?

Answers to the first are wide-ranging, with no real consensus. However, it's clear that the EROEI is way, way below that of almost every other method people are seriously talking about for energy: oil, nuclear, geothermal, wind, tide, solar. They all have EROEI values of at least 10, often much higher. The most optimistic realistic estimates for ethanol peg it around 3.5, and that's with sugarcane. With corn, optimistic estimates put it around 2.

Yes, there are higher numbers around, but please don't credit everything you see on Wikipedia. The USDA believes the ratio to be barely over 1, or around 1.7 if crudely adjusted for byproducts.

Assuming 1.7, that should result in a moderately negative carbon balance (ie, a reduction in carbon output into the atmosphere).

Consider this vs. the EROEI of 20 (or as high as 80, in one study) for wind, or 10 for solar photovoltaics, or 50 for hydro.

I don't think that we should abandon ethanol research altogether, but I do believe we've gone way too far in subsidizing ethanol production (and corn in general, but that's another topic) at the expense of other renewable energy sources. For 2009, the US DOE is requesting: (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/ba/pba/pdfs/FY09_budget_brief.pdf)
$52.5M for wind
$3M for all water-based energy (from oceans and rivers)
$50.9M for battery research
$156M for solar (photovoltaics, concentrators, etc.0
$146M for hydrogen fuel cells
$30M for geothermal
$225M for ethanol

Oh, and billions of subsidies to ethanol fuel blenders, plants, farmers, etc. It was $7B in 2006 (http://zfacts.com/p/63.html). 7 billion! I'm sure it's higher now, and will be higher still in 2009, since the subsidies are largly volume based. In comparison, our solar subsidies total about

Ethanol may be one useful tool, but it doesn't deserve to receive the lion's share of our renewable energy funds.

Fri, May. 9th, 2008 12:12 pm (UTC)
[info]kgb666000

I agree 100% that ethanol gets far to much in the way of subsidies compared to other renewable energy, particularly solar. Japan and Germany have proven that solar if promoted well can already have its subsidies reduced and still be competitive (yes their markets are very different, but we should be pushing for similar).

That said, I do think that sugar cane ethanol (corn ethanol is a terrible idea) boosted where sugar cannot grow by switchgrass ethanol, is a quite good temporary solution for cars.
We already have a lot of the infrastructure in place (needs some upgrading) and many modern cars can be modified only slightly to use it now.

I dont think its an answer no, I think it is a helpful step along the way to a better solution.

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